An epidural steroid injection delivers a corticosteroid into the epidural space that surrounds the spinal cord and nerve roots. The medication targets inflammation around irritated nerves; this commonly causes pain in the neck, back, arms, and legs. Physicians typically recommend these injections when several weeks of conservative treatment, such as physical therapy, has not provided relief. Here are some reasons epidural injections are recommended:
Herniated Discs
A herniated disc occurs when the soft inner material of a spinal disc pushes through a tear in its tougher outer layer. The displaced material may press on a nearby nerve root; it also releases chemicals that irritate surrounding tissue. In the lower back, this often produces sciatica, a sharp or burning pain that travels down the buttock and leg. A herniation in the neck often sends pain or numbness into the shoulder and arm.
Epidural injections reduce inflammation and pain around the irritated nerve caused by a herniated disc. They are often used when:
- Pain radiates into a limb rather than staying only in the back or neck
- An MRI or CT scan shows a herniation that matches your symptoms
- Symptoms have lasted at least four to six weeks despite conservative care
Results differ from person to person. Some patients report reduced pain for several weeks or months, while others notice little change. Track your pain levels before and after the injection, since this helps your provider recommend next steps.
Spinal Arthritis
Spinal arthritis is the gradual breakdown of cartilage in the facet joints, which connect each vertebra to the next. As wear progresses, the joints may enlarge, and the discs lose height. The condition often causes back pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility; it also affects daily activities and overall quality of life. Ask your provider which part of the spine is involved, because that shapes the treatment plan.
Epidural injections are typically recommended when arthritis leads to nerve compression. Pain that stays centered in the back may come from the facet joints, so some providers suggest a facet joint injection or medial branch block instead. Many physicians limit steroid injections to three or four per year. This helps reduce the risk of side effects, such as bone thinning.
Bone Spurs
Bone spurs are smooth growths of extra bone that form in response to long-term joint and disc degeneration. Many cause no symptoms, but pain occurs when a spur grows into the opening where a nerve root exits the spine and pinches the nerve. In these cases, a physician may place steroid medication directly beside the compressed nerve root. The medication reduces inflammation around the compressed nerve, which helps relieve pain caused by the bone spur.
Learn More About Epidural Injections
Epidural injections are one option for managing pain linked to herniated discs, spinal arthritis, and bone spurs. Whether you should get one depends on your symptoms and how you respond to earlier treatments. A spine or pain management specialist reviews these factors and explains the treatment’s goals. Schedule a consultation at a pain clinic today to find out whether an epidural injection is right for you.
