Diabetes affects blood flow and nerve function in your feet, and when nerves lose feeling, you may not notice a blister, cut, or pressure spot. A podiatrist treats foot and ankle conditions, and many focus on diabetic foot care. Here are four areas of podiatric care for people living with diabetes:
Inspecting Feet Regularly
When you visit for a diabetic foot exam, your podiatrist checks your skin, nails, pulses, and sensation. They can test feeling in different spots on your sole. Many people with diabetes need at least one exam per year, and some need visits every few months. You also play a part by checking your feet each day for these warning signs:
- Cuts, blisters, or cracks in the skin
- Redness, swelling, or warmth
- Changes in skin color or temperature
- Drainage or odor from a wound
- Toenails that are ingrown or discolored
Preventing Diabetic Ulcers
A diabetic foot ulcer is an open sore, and it typically forms on the bottom of the foot. Pressure, friction, and poor circulation contribute to these wounds. Since high blood sugar slows healing, a small sore may become infected over several weeks. Your podiatrist looks for early warning signs at each visit.
If you have thick calluses, your podiatrist may trim them during an office visit. Calluses build pressure under the skin, and that pressure may break down the tissue underneath. Your podiatrist also treats corns, ingrown toenails, and fungal nails.
Daily habits also play a significant role in prevention. Lotion helps dry heels, but moisture between the toes may encourage fungus. Your podiatrist may also review your blood sugar records because glucose levels affect healing. Smoking also reduces blood flow to your feet.
Recommending Footwear Changes
Poorly fitting shoes cause many diabetic foot wounds. If you have nerve damage, you may not feel a shoe rubbing against your toe. Your podiatrist measures your feet, and they may prescribe therapeutic shoes or custom inserts. Look for these features when you shop for new shoes:
- Wide, deep toe box
- Soft, seamless interior lining
- Firm heel support and cushioned soles
- Adjustable laces or straps
- Moisture-wicking socks without tight bands
Performing Surgery
Most diabetic foot care stays nonsurgical, but some conditions require an operation. When an ulcer reaches bone or tissue dies, your podiatrist may recommend surgery. Typical procedures include wound debridement, bunion correction, and hammertoe repair. Before surgery, your care team reviews your circulation, blood sugar, and overall health.
Charcot foot is another reason for surgery. This condition weakens bones, and the arch may collapse over time. Your surgeon may realign the joints so the foot holds a stable shape. Recovery may require weeks of offloading with a cast or boot.
Schedule a Podiatrist Appointment
Diabetic foot care involves ongoing attention from you and your podiatrist. If you notice a wound that does not heal within a few days, contact a podiatrist at a foot and ankle clinic near you. Bring a list of medications and recent blood sugar readings to your visit. Annual exams track changes over time, and earlier visits address new problems sooner.
